External Structural Works

The term ‘external works’ describes any works carried out to the external environment of a building project. These can be works to functional or aesthetic features.

BRE describe external works as: ‘All items outside the building footprint but inside the site boundary, encompassing wastewater and surface water drains, supply of utilities (e.g. gas, electricity and cabled services), footpaths, and access for vehicles including car parks and hard standings to be found in the vicinity of buildings.’ (Ref: BRE building elements: foundations, basements and external works).

Drain Construction Planning

A drain is a pipe that serves only one building as a means of conveying water and waste water away to a sewer.

A lateral drain is a section of drain positioned outside the boundary of a building, connecting with the drains from other buildings to become a sewer.

Drains within the boundary of a building are the responsibility of the owner (unless the drains of other properties run through their property), including liability for any maintenance and repairs. Insurance can be taken out to cover work on private drains.

The environmental health department of a local authority can order a property owner to carry out improvement or replacement works in certain circumstances, such as if the drain is in poor condition and is causing a blockage. The local authority may undertake the works and charge the property owner for them.

the term 'drain' may also be used to refer to an opening that allows surface water or waste water to enter an underground network of pipes (typically with a metal grill preventing leaves and other debris from entering the pipes) or to the underground network of pipes itself.

A french drain is a trench that has a land drain installed at the bottom of the trench and has been backfilled with shingle or similar coarse stone. For more infomation see: Frech drain.

Sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) are systems designed to efficiently manage the drainage of surface water, providing an alternative to, or addition to, traditional drainage systems where surface water is drained directly and quickly into underground, piped drainage. For more information see: Sustainable urban drainage systems.

Excavation Works

Work procedure for excavation at construction site involves understanding of centre line and excavation drawings, setting out of plan on ground, excavation of soil and removal of excess soil. Quality checks such as recording ground level and marking of reference points should be done. Excavation is the process of moving earth, rock or other materials with tools, equipment or explosives. It also includes trenching, wall shafts, tunnelling and underground. It is the preliminary activity of the construction project..

Drawings Required for Excavation

1. Centerline Drawing or Gridline Drawing

Gridline drawings represents the grids marked in numbers and alphabets whose measurements are shown for site marking out reference. These grid lines are so aligned that the line falls on the excavation and footing.

2. Excavation Drawing

Excavation drawing represents the length, width and depth of the excavation. Excavation line is marked in dotted line.

Demolition Works.

Demolition is probably one of the most interesting parts of construction work. As we build more structures, there comes a point where we need to demolish old ones, either for safety reasons or to make room for newer buildings.

Demolition is the process of dismantling a building by pre-planned or controlled methods. However, there’s more to demolition than swinging a wrecking ball — it involves highly trained experts working with debris, weather conditions, materials, mass, and physics. Methods vary accounting to the type of building that is being demolished.

Excavation & Disposal

Estimate the excavated stuff to be re-utilized in filling, gardening, preparing roads, etc.As far as possible try to carry excavation and filling simultaneously to avoid double handling. Select and stack the required material in such a place that it should not obstruct other construction activities. The excess or unwanted material should immediately be carried away and disposed off.

Civil

Civil construction is the creation of infrastructure involving anything to do with water, earth, or transport.

It is a branch of Civil Engineering involved with the maintenance, design, and construction of environments such as roads, railways, buildings, water reservoirs, subdivisions, airports, bridges, sewer systems, tunnels, and dams.

The civil construction industry consists of the individuals and companies involved in the planning, creation, and designing of our infrastructure.

Civil construction truly shapes the world around us, and with the new technology that is increasing productivity, civil construction projects can now be done with a quicker schedule.

It's responsible for the majority of structures we use that aren't privately owned.

Everything from massive bridges for transportation to walkway construction and wastewater treatment centers to dams, the civil field encompasses some of the most essential building projects that are completed in our world each year.

The sector truly helps humans get where they want to be in addition to what they need.

In the article below, we will take a closer look a Civil Construction.